What does HPG stand for?

hyperinsulinism), * Obese body structure, * Excessive production of male hormones (Hyperandrogenism), * Improper functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (often due to hormonal disorder), * Hormonal disruptors, like environmental chemical polluters, * Excitatory amino acids, and related or separate types of food adulterantion, * Inflammations of a chronic nature.

s sexual urge comes as a response from the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Taken together, our morphologic, endocrinologic, and in vitro gene activation assay data suggest two hypotheses: a) there are potent androgenic substance(s) in the FLE, and/or b) there is a complex mixture of androgenic and estrogenic substances that alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, inhibiting the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or gonadotropins.

Of equal complexity, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis has been shown in both sexes to be sensitive to disruption by environmental agents that affect gonadotropin secretion, steroidogenesis, receptor binding, or signal transduction.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as a target for toxicants.

Although the observed disruption of regular estrous cycles indicates that perinatal exposure to the high dose of BPA altered the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the site(s) of the disturbance is (are) unclear.

Based on the present data, we propose that, similar to fish (16), alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may serve as potential bioindicators of endocrine disruptor exposure in amphibians.