What does FS stand for?

The endocardial chamber shape was deformed, with enlargement of the anteroposterior dimension and fractional shortening, and was comparable with the degree of MI both in short- and long-axis sections of the left ventricle.

The left ventricles in Dicer knockouts were dilated and showed decreased fractional shortening, which means that the heart is not pumping as efficiently as a normal heart.

Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension, LV end-systolic dimension, % fractional shortening, diastolic thickness of the ventricular septum and the posterior LV wall and LV mass were determined, The LV ejection fraction was calculated from the conventional apical 4-chamber images using the biplane Simpson's method (8).

On average, left-ventricular end diastolic and systolic diameters increased by 10% and 42%, respectively, and fractional shortening decreased by 40% compared to uninfarcted controls.

It also revealed enlarged end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions of both ventricles with reduced fractional shortening (14%) and ejection fraction (30%) of left ventricle.

7) Left ventricular fractional shortening was also estimated as described previously.

Echocardiographic and magnetic resonance imaging analysis showed that the animals transplanted with GRNCM1 cells had improved (smaller) end-left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters, increased fractional shortening, improved infarct wall thickening and increased ejection fraction compared to control animals injected with factors alone or controls injected with non-cardiac cells derived from hESCs.

This presentation concluded that CK-1122534 increases the fractional shortening in ventricular myocytes (a measure of cardiac contractility) in a dose-dependent manner, does not increase the calcium transient, does not inhibit phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and is active in the presence of a beta-adrenergic blocker.